The Competency Assessment for Responsible Leadership (CARL)
Recommendations are provided for the five competency areas:
About the CARL
The CARL consists of competency dimensions and and action domains (Muff, Liechti and Dyllick, 2021).
The research-based RL competencies encompass five core areas:
​
-
Ethics and values: consistent and integer behavior in dilemmas and matching values to fairness
-
Self-awareness: adopting one’s communication to the receiver and sharing learnings in one’s personal growth journey
-
Stakeholder relations: cultivating trusting relationships honoring diversity and leading a consensus-oriented stakeholder dialogue
-
Change and innovation: the ability to lead change and innovation towards sustainable development
-
Systems thinking: a good understanding of the inter-dependencies with a larger system
In addition, the CARL offers a developmental perspective by considering three action domains that allow a deeper understanding and more granular definition of the five competency dimensions. The three action domains are knowing, doing, and being. In pedagogy they are also known as knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Putting together the competency dimension and the action domains provides a two-dimensional framework, the “Responsible Leadership Grid”, which consists of 15 RL elements:

CARL as a tool for Leadership Development
The connection of Responsible Leadership competencies to the strategic sustainability areas for business enabled us to create a learning and development map. This map serves to help individual leaders, both current and future, to design their own pathway and so to accelerate their positive impact. A map is the same as the territory. Hopefully, it provides orientation and support to the courageous leaders when they find themselves on a path less travelled.
Educators and leadership development specialists can benefit from these insights when designing learning journeys for students or managers. The CARL map provides an overview of the current status of a leader and can be compared to the desired future state. The resulting learning opportunities can be addressed with relevant developmental tools as deemed appropriate by the learning designer. We will outline a few options for the individual leader below, these may serve as further inspiration for concrete learning and skills development, taking into account what students and managers bring to the table in terms of attitudes (being) and reducing the knowledge transfer to those few nuggets of wisdom that enable the student to enhance their practical skills.
​
Recommendations are provided for the five competency areas:
​
-
Ethics and values: Inspire responsibility through integrity and fairness
-
Self-awareness: Create an open culture of shared learning
-
Stakeholder relations: Facilitate trustful collaboration for shared success
-
Change and innovation: Drive change by challenge status quo & creating actionable results
-
Systems thinking: Address complexity holistically
No one’s journey is alike, and it is important that the interested change agent takes full ownership of that journey. No survey can fully reflect reality. We suggest using the CARL survey as a structured tool to deepen reflection and to broaden the perspective.
​
We have worked with AI to identify current relevant learning and development offers for the different RL competencies. We have focused heavily on supporting the acquisition and further development of the skills domain, fully acknowledging the importance of knowledge and attitudes.
​
Our suggestions will not resonate equally with a future, emerging or current leader. For somebody not currently in a professional setting, the recommendation of a concrete course or program might be most appropriate. For the busy executive, a short and concise reading and video viewing list may be all that fits the agenda.
​
Using the CARL survey has one great advantage for leaders and educators. It allows measuring the current state of RL development at both an individual and group level. We recommend individuals to take the CARL survey as a part of their periodic assessment of their own learning journey. It serves as a basis for reflection and allows highlighting next learning fields. Educators receive a free group code from us which they distribute to their students so that the educators have an overview of where a given cohort is at the beginning and the end of their learning intervention. By early 2025, more than 35’000 people on all continents had used this tool.
​
What follows is an overview of 20 concrete suggestions for developing the five responsible leadership competencies: ethics & values, self-awareness, stakeholder relations, change & innovation, and systems thinking. We suggest focusing on the one dimension that you prioritize in your learning journey right now, and that you pick the most relevant suggestion given your context. Please remember that the suggestions likely also bear a Western European culture bias.
Ethics & Values recommendations
Inspiring responsibility through integrity and fairness
Demonstrating ethical leadership involves critically questioning and adapting values while consistently acting in alignment with them. Acting as a role model by making decisions that are grounded in fairness and integrity, balancing personal values with societal responsibilities. This visible commitment to a common good inspires trust and accountability, emphasizing the importance of ethical behavior in achieving sustainable outcomes.

Skills
Reading/Videos
-
Decision Leadership: Empowering Others to Make Better Choices, Don Moore & Max H. Bazerman. Program on Negotiation, Harvard Law School, 2020.
https://www.pon.harvard.edu/free-videos/decision-leadership-empowering-others-to-make-better-choices/ -
Ethical Leadership, Part 1: Perilous at the Top, Ethics Unwrapped, University of Texas at Austin.
https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/video/ethical-leadership-part-1-perilous-top
​​
On-the-job training and courses
-
Lead Ethical Decision-Making Committees
Benefit: Strengthens your ability to critically question and adapt values to align with organizational and societal goals.
How-to: Identify ethical challenges, form a diverse committee, facilitate discussions, and implement actionable recommendations.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/develop-strong-leaders-with-on-the-job-learning/. -
Develop and Implement Ethical Policies
Benefit: Enhances your ability to act consistently with ethical principles by formalizing ethical standards.
How-to: Assess current policies, research best practices, revise policies, and train teams on changes.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/develop-strong-leaders-with-on-the-job-learning/.
Knowledge
Reading/Videos
-
Ethical Decision-Making In Leadership – Why It Matters Now More Than Ever, Brainz Magazine, 2023.
https://www.brainzmagazine.com/post/ethical-decision-making-in-leadership-why-it-matters-now-more-than-ever
On-the-job training and courses
-
Engage in Ethical Reflection Sessions
Benefit: Builds understanding of ethical dilemmas and values alignment through critical reflection.
How-to: Schedule reflection time, journal ethical challenges, analyze decisions, and discuss with mentors.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/develop-strong-leaders-with-on-the-job-learning/.
Attitude
Reading/Videos
-
The Role Of Ethical Leadership In Long-Term Organizational Success, Forbes, 2023.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2023/09/08/the-role-of-ethical-leadership-in-long-term-organizational-success/
​​
On-the-job training and courses
-
Mentor Colleagues on Ethical Practices
Benefit: Demonstrates fairness, integrity, and responsibility by guiding others in ethical decision-making.
How-to: Share experiences, provide resources, and offer ongoing support.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/develop-strong-leaders-with-on-the-job-learning/.
​Self-Awareness recommendations
Creating an open culture of shared learning
Exemplifying self-awareness in leadership is about the ability to adapt one’s communication style to different contexts and openly reflecting on one’s behavior. The ability to share learnings in one’s personal growth journey and visibly engaging in reflective practices connected to a continuous improvement commitment fosters credibility and can lead to building stronger connections with others.

Skills
Reading/Videos
-
How Self-Awareness Leads to Effective Communication, Psychology Today, 2014.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/turning-point/201404/how-self-awareness-leads-effective-communication -
The Importance of Self-Awareness in Communication Skills, The Leader Lab, 2023.
https://www.theleaderlab.org/the-importance-of-self-awareness-in-communication-skills/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Participate in Communication Styles Training
Benefit: Enhances your ability to adapt communication to different audiences effectively.
How-to: Take a course, assess your style, practice adaptation techniques, and apply in interactions.
Source: https://www.businesstrainingworks.com/diversity-and-inclus/communication-styles-training-program-for-managers-and-supervisors/ -
Seek 360-Degree Feedback
Benefit: Improves self-awareness by learning from others' perspectives and feedback.
How-to: Select peers, use a structured tool, collect anonymous feedback, and develop improvement plans.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/leadership-programs/leadership-development-program/
Knowledge
Reading/Videos
-
Develop Self-awareness, Communication Commons, eCampusOntario.
https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/communicationcommons/chapter/develop-self-awareness/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Maintain a Reflective Leadership Journal
Benefit: Develops comprehension of personal strengths, weaknesses, and reflection’s role in growth.
How-to: Document experiences, analyze outcomes, and set growth goals.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/leadership-programs/leadership-development-program/
Attitude
Reading/Videos
-
From Silence to Connection: The Power of Self-Aware Communication, Kathie Owen, 2022.
https://www.kathieowen.com/blog/self-awareness
On-the-job training and courses
-
Engage in Cross-Functional Projects
Benefit: Encourages openness and shared learning through collaboration across departments.
How-to: Volunteer for multi-department projects, contribute expertise, and reflect on shared challenges.
Source: https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/develop-strong-leaders-with-on-the-job-learning/.
​Stakeholder Relations recommendations
Facilitating trustful collaboration for shared success
Fostering meaningful stakeholder relations requires actively initiating and moderating dialogue to address diverse interests while striving for consensus. By respecting varied perspectives and recognizing the value of diversity, leaders build trust and establish long-term relationships. These skills are complemented by an ability to integrate legitimate stakeholder groups and turn conflicts into opportunities for creativity, ensuring collaborative outcomes that benefit all parties.

Skills
Reading/Videos
-
Library of Articles and Learning/Teaching Resources, Communication Skills Improvement.
https://communication-skills.net/resource-library/ -
Two Indispensable Ingredients for Effective Communication, Scott Free Clinic, 2018.
https://www.scottfreeclinic.org/2018/08/22/two-indispensable-ingredients-for-effective-communication/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Organize Stakeholder Workshops
Benefit: Builds facilitation skills for initiating and moderating dialogue among diverse groups.
How-to: Define objectives, invite stakeholders, facilitate sessions, and follow up.
Source: https://www.iap2.org/page/training. -
Conduct Stakeholder Mapping Exercises
Benefit: Improves ability to respect and integrate varied stakeholder interests effectively.
How-to: Identify stakeholders, prioritize engagement, and tailor strategies.
Source: https://www.iap2.org/page/training.
Knowledge
Reading/Videos
-
Self-Awareness is the Key to Communication Skills, Clover Park Technical College, 2023.
https://blog.cptc.edu/self-awareness-through-communication/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Lead Community Engagement Initiatives
Benefit: Develops understanding of stakeholder integration and leveraging conflicts as creative opportunities.
How-to: Identify community needs, co-create projects, and evaluate outcomes.
Source: https://www.iap2.org/page/training.
Attitude
Reading/Videos
-
How to Break 8 Toxic Communication Habits, TIME Magazine, 2024.
https://time.com/7113647/how-to-break-toxic-communication-habits/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Attend Empathy and Inclusion Workshops
Benefit: Strengthens empathy and appreciation for diversity in collaborative efforts.
How-to: Participate in workshops, practice empathic communication, and apply insights.
Source: https://theempathyuniversity.com/training-workshops/
Change & Innovation recommendations
Driving change by challenging the status quo and creating actionable results
Driving sustainable change and innovation results in meaningful solutions that effectively address societal challenges. This relies on an ability to question the status quo and to translate creative ideas into actionable solutions. The ability to challenge norms and to implement steps toward a sustainable transformation includes proactive and visionary approaches.

Skills
Reading/Videos
-
Leadership and Decision-Making: Empowering Better Decisions, Program on Negotiation, Harvard Law School, 2023.
https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/leadership-skills-daily/leadership-and-decision-making-empowering-better-decisions/ -
7 Ways to Improve Your Ethical Decision-Making, Harvard Business School Online, 2022.
https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/ethical-decision-making-process
On-the-job training and courses
-
Champion Pilot Projects
Benefit: Encourages creative problem-solving by initiating and scaling innovative solutions.
How-to: Identify innovation areas, define objectives, implement projects, and analyze outcomes.
https://executive.mit.edu/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-master-catalog-msee/default/dw279b0215/brochures/Leading%20Change%20in%20Complex%20Organizations.pdf. -
Facilitate Brainstorming Sessions
Benefit: Demonstrates challenging the status quo and enabling sustainable change through collaboration.
How-to: Define challenges, engage diverse participants, guide idea generation, and prioritize solutions.
Source: https://executive.mit.edu/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-master-catalog-msee/default/dw279b0215/brochures/Leading%20Change%20in%20Complex%20Organizations.pdf.
Knowledge
Reading/Videos
-
Ethical Leadership: The Importance of Integrity and Values in Decision Making, RM Leadership Academy, 2023.
On-the-job training and courses
-
Study Change Management Frameworks
Benefit: Enhances understanding of drivers of innovation and transformational processes.
How-to: Study frameworks like Kotter’s 8-Step Model, develop strategies, and apply insights.
Attitudes
Reading/Videos
-
Leadership and the Importance of Ethical Decision-Making, University of Lincoln, 2023.
https://online.lincoln.ac.uk/leadership-and-the-importance-of-ethical-decision-making/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Implement Continuous Improvement Processes
Benefit: Encourages curiosity and flexibility in addressing challenges and refining systems.
How-to: Identify gaps, gather feedback, design solutions, and track improvements iteratively.
Source: https://executive.mit.edu/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-master-catalog-msee/default/dw279b0215/brochures/Leading%20Change%20in%20Complex%20Organizations.pdf.
Systems Thinking recommendations
Addressing complexity holistically
Navigating complexity by seeing the broader picture and understanding the interdependencies within systems lead to the ability to resolve sustainability challenges by estimating the consequences of decisions. It includes the recognition and appreciation of fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and an ability to embrace ambiguity while integrating diverse perspectives.

Skills
Reading/Videos
-
Ethical Decision Making: Policing with Principled Insight Video, National Command & Staff College.
https://ncpi.us/resources/ethical-decision-making-policing-with-principled-insight-video/
-
Self-Awareness and Effective Communication, The Self-Awareness Guy, 2021.
https://www.theselfawarenessguy.com/4573/self-awareness-and-effective-communication
On-the-job training and courses
-
Map Organizational Processes
Benefit: Improves ability to navigate complexity and ambiguity by identifying and resolving systemic inefficiencies.
How-to: Document workflows, identify bottlenecks, and propose targeted improvements.
-
Develop Scenario Planning Exercises
Benefit: Enhances strategic thinking by preparing for uncertainties and systemic impacts.
How-to: Identify key variables, create scenarios, evaluate outcomes, and integrate insights.
Knowledge
Reading/Videos
-
What is Ethical Leadership and Why is it Important?, Harvard Division of Continuing Education, 2023.
https://professional.dce.harvard.edu/blog/what-is-ethical-leadership-and-why-is-it-important/
On-the-job training and courses
-
Engage in Systems Thinking Training
Benefit: Develops holistic solutions to sustainability challenges by understanding and integrating system components.
How-to: Take courses, map sustainability systems, and apply strategies for integration.
Source: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/systems-thinking-and-practice/content-section-overview
Attitudes
Reading/Videos
-
How Ethical Leaders Approach Decision-Making, Triple Crown Leadership, 2023.
https://triplecrownleadership.com/how-ethical-leaders-approach-decision-making/
Reading/Videos
-
Lead Cross-Departmental Task Forces
Benefit: Promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and defends a long-term perspective for systemic sustainability.
How-to: Define goals, assemble diverse teams, facilitate collaboration, and implement solutions.
Source: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/systems-thinking-and-practice/content-section-overview